Science And Psychology

 Science and Psychology Unit II : Biological Basis of Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) - BA, BBA, BHM (Part 1) 1. Define altruism. Ans: Altruism is when we act to promote someone else’s welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves. Altruism is the principle and moral practice of concern for the welfare and/or happiness of other human beings or animals, resulting in a quality of life both material and spiritual. 2. Define reciprocal altruism with example. Ans: Reciprocal altruism or reciprocity is one solution to the evolutionary paradox of one individual making sacrifices for another unrelated individual. If individuals interact repeatedly, altruism can be favoured as long as the altruist receives a reciprocal benefit that is greater than its initial cost. Reciprocal altruism is when altruistic behaviors are performed because they increase the likelihood of repayment in the future. Example: Lending someone money with the agreement they will pay you back with in...

APSARA KATUWAL DANGOL History of Psychology The word 'psychology' comes from two Greek words, psyche (meaning breath, soul, life, or spirit) and logos (meaning the study of).Traditionally, the concept of psychology was believed to be the interest of religious teacher or healers in curing mental illness. The history of psychology began from philosophy to till date modern psychology and recently current period has started. A. Greek Period Early history can be traced back from early Greeks where French philosopher Rene Descartes introduced the idea of dualism. Dualism in context that, the mind and body are two entities that interact to form human experience. Physiology also contributed to psychology’s eventual emergence as a scientific discipline. Socrates (Before 400 BC), the ancient Greek philosopher, famously inscribed the maxim “Know Thyself” which initially means “know your limits”, understand the extent of your abilities, recognize your place in the social hierarchy, acknowl...

Unit I: Introduction to Psychology as a Science of Mind and Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) - BA, BBA, BHM (Part 2) 1. Define Structuralism. Ans: Structuralism believes that consciousness is the present experience or the awareness of the individual.Structuralism is a mental approach to study human nature. It emphasizes on the study of structure of mental process (that constitute consciousness). Wundt and Titchener use Introspection method for studying the structure of conscious experience. 2. Define Functionalism. Ans:    Functionalism is the doctrine that what makes something a thought, desire, pain (or any other type of mental state) depends not on its internal constitution, but solely on its function, or the role it plays, in the cognitive system of which it is a part. 3. Define behaviorism. Ans: Behaviorism is the psycholoical approach which emphasizes scientific and objective method of investigation. 4. Define behavior. Ans: Behavior is the sum total of activity wh...

Unit I: Introduction to Psychology as a Science of Mind and Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) 1. List out the different perspectives of psychology. Ans: The different perspectives of psychology are given below:The Psychodynamic Perspective The Behavioral Perspective The Humanist Perspective The Biological Perspective The Cognitive Perspective 2. What are the goals of Psychology ? Ans: The goals of Psychology are: To describe/Understand human behavior To predict human behavior To control or modifying human behavior Improving the Quality of life. 3. What is the difference between a case study method and a survey method ? Ans: Case Study: A case study refers to an in-depth study in which an individual, group, or a particular situation is studied. Survey: A survey refers to research where data is gathered from an entire population or a very large sample in order to comprehend the opinions on a particular matter. Case Study: Case studies are used in qualitative research. Survey: Surv...

  Course Objectives The objective of this course is to familiarize students with the basic psychological concepts and processes to understand human mind and behavior in relation to self and others. Specifically, it provides a basic understanding of psychological science of human nature. It familiarizes students on how biology, cognition and action influence the human behavior and personality of the individual. It helps to acquire the knowledge of different psychological processes and their effect on human cognition and behavior. Finally, it develops an understanding of how human behavior can be understood, shape, and applied in individual and group/social level. Course Description This course surveys the major concept, theories, and processes of basic psychology. It addresses the core psychological process as well as their importance on individual and social setting. Course Outcomes By the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. Know basic concepts of human psychology an...

Course Objectives The objective of this course is to familiarize students with the basic psychological concepts and processes to understand human mind and behavior in relation to self and others. Specifically, it provides a basic understanding of psychological science of human nature. It familiarizes students on how biology, cognition and action influence the human behavior and personality of the individual. It helps to acquire the knowledge of different psychological processes and their effect on human cognition and behavior. Finally, it develops an understanding of how human behavior can be understood, shape, and applied in individual and group/social level. Course Description This course surveys the major concept, theories, and processes of basic psychology. It addresses the core psychological process as well as their importance on individual and social setting. Course Outcomes By the end of this course, students should be able to: 1. Know basic concepts of human psychology and the...