Science and Psychology

Unit II : Biological Basis of Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) - BA, BBA, BHM (Part 1)

1. Define altruism.

Ans: Altruism is when we act to promote someone else’s welfare, even at a risk or cost to ourselves.
Altruism is the principle and moral practice of concern for the welfare and/or happiness of other human beings or animals, resulting in a quality of life both material and spiritual.

2. Define reciprocal altruism with example.

Ans: Reciprocal altruism or reciprocity is one solution to the evolutionary paradox of one individual making sacrifices for another unrelated individual. If individuals interact repeatedly, altruism can be favoured as long as the altruist receives a reciprocal benefit that is greater than its initial cost.

Reciprocal altruism is when altruistic behaviors are performed because they increase the likelihood of repayment in the future.

Example: Lending someone money with the agreement they will pay you back with interest.

3. Differentiate parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system. 

Ans: The differences between parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous system are:

4. Name any two major hormones that posterior pituitary gland secretes.

Ans: Any two major hormones that posterior pituitary gland secretes: vasopressin and oxytocin.

5. Which hormones are released by Adrenal glands?

Ans: Aldosterone (a mineralocorticoid), cortisol (a glucocorticoid), and androgens and estrogen (sex hormones) are released by adrenal glands.

6. Which hormones are released by Pancreas?

Ans: There are four main hormones secreted by the pancreas. They are - Glucagon, insulin, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide.

7. Why is Cerebrum  known as new brain?

Ans: The cerebrum is known as new brain as it  is the newest (evolutionary) and largest part of the brain as a whole. It is here that things like perception, imagination, thought, judgment, and decision occur.

You may also like to read: Unit II : Biological Basis of Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) - BA, BBA, BHM (Part 2)

 

References:

https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/topic/altruism/definition

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altruism

https://www.britannica.com/topic/reciprocal-altruism

http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/social-psychology/prosocial-behavior/reciprocal-altruism/

https://byjus.com/biology/difference-between-sympathetic-and-parasympathetic

https://www.osmosis.org/answers/posterior-pituitary-hormones

https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/adrenal-gland/what-is-adrenal-gland-cancer/adrenal-gland-hormones

https://www.vedantu.com/question-answer/list-the-hormones-secreted-by-the-pancreas-class-12-biology-cbse-5f86f4e1de305653f0723ff8

http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/genpsycerebrum.html