Skip to main content

Unit I: Introduction to Psychology as a Science of Mind and Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) - BA, BBA, BHM (Part 2)



Unit I: Introduction to Psychology as a Science of Mind and Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) - BA, BBA, BHM (Part 2)

1. Define Structuralism.

Ans: Structuralism believes that consciousness is the present experience or the awareness of the individual.Structuralism is a mental approach to study human nature. It emphasizes on the study of structure of mental process (that constitute consciousness). Wundt and Titchener use Introspection method for studying the structure of conscious experience.

2. Define Functionalism.

Ans:  Functionalism is the doctrine that what makes something a thought, desire, pain (or any other type of mental state) depends not on its internal constitution, but solely on its function, or the role it plays, in the cognitive system of which it is a part.

3. Define behaviorism.

Ans: Behaviorism is the psycholoical approach which emphasizes scientific and objective method of investigation.

4. Define behavior.

Ans: Behavior is the sum total of activity which reflects directly or indirectly.

5. What is overt and covert behavior?

Ans:  Overt behavior is the behavior which can be observed directly.

Covert behavior is internal subjective experience which cannot be observed directly.

6. What is descriptive method?

Ans: Descriptive research is a research method describing the characteristics of the population or phenomenon studied. This descriptive methodology focuses more on the “what” of the research subject than the “why” of the research subject.

7. Define case study.

Ans:  A case study is a research approach that is used to generate an in-depth, multi-faceted understanding of a complex issue in its real-life context. It is an established research design that is used extensively in a wide variety of disciplines, particularly in the social sciences.

8. Define survey.

Ans: Surveys are a method of gathering information from a group of individuals by asking them questions. Surveys can be conducted through various mediums such as paper and pencil, online forms, telephone, or face-to-face interviews.

9. What is naturalistic observation?

Ans: Naturalistic observation is a research method that involves observing subjects in their natural environment. This approach is often used by psychologists and other social scientists. It is a form of qualitative research, which focuses on collecting, evaluating, and describing non-numerical data.

10. Define correlation.

Ans:Correlation is a statistical measure that expresses the extent to which two variables are linearly related (meaning they change together at a constant rate). It's a common tool for describing simple relationships without making a statement about cause and effect.

11. What do you mean by experimental method?

Ans: The experimental method involves manipulating one variable to determine if this causes changes in another variable. This method relies on controlled research methods and random assignment of study subjects to test a hypothesis.

You may also like to read: Unit I: Introduction to Psychology as a Science of Mind and Behavior (Very Short Answer Questions) - BA, BBA, BHM (Part 1)

References:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/functionalism/
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/descriptive-research/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3141799/
https://www.questionpro.com/blog/surveys/
https://www.jmp.com/en_ca/statistics-knowledge-portal/what-is-correlation.html
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-naturalistic-observation-2795391
https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-the-experimental-method-2795175

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Brief Description on "Self Concept "

APSARA KATUWAL  DANGOL Self Concept deals with describing own self and believing own self. Both Eastern and Western cultures have different views regarding Self Concept. According to Baumeister (1999), Self Concept is the individual's belief in himself or herself, including the person's attributes and who and what the self is. Within the development of Self Concept, there are different views and categories. According to Michael Lewis (1990), there are two categories of self-concept. i. The Existential Self: When a child is two to three months, he starts to have an existential self. He feels that he is a separate entity. He starts responding to other objects. ii.The Categorical Self: It is the sense of feeling of being an object to the world. Slowly child starts to connect himself to the world. And development related to internal traits start to develop. Carl Roger (1959) has claimed that self-concept has three component which includes self-image, self-esteem, and ...
Post a Comment
Read more

Behavioral approach in Clinical Psychology

APSARA KATUWAL  DANGOL Behavioral approach is based on the belief that behavior can be learned. It focuses on a scientific and objective method of investigation. It is also concerned with observable Stimulus-Response behaviors. This approach also focuses on learning's role in developing both normal and abnormal behavior. Early theorist Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning (associative learning). He conducted a famous study using dogs. It focused on the effects of a learned response to a stimulus. For example, a dog started salivating when it heard the bell. Here, the sound of the bell would symbolize the message of getting food. Another behaviorist, Edwar L. Thorndike discovered Operant Conditioning and later B.F. Skinner analyzed operant conditioning. It is based on rewards and punishment to shape people's behavior. Edward L. Thorndike discovered Animal Intelligence. He found that punishment didn't weaken S-R connections but inhibited their expression. ...
Post a Comment
Read more

History of Counselling in Nepal

APSARA KATUWAL DANGOL During 1947, Psychology was introduced in Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus affiliated to Indian University as an intermediate level as a part of philosophy. Tribhuvan University was established in 1959 and other college came into existence.Four more colleges introduced psychology in the academic subject in intermediate and bachelor level in 1966. During the 1960s, Psychology grew slowly and outside Kathmandu Valley, introduced in two colleges. In 1980, Master's level course was introduced.At present, psychology is taught in eight campuses. Psychosocial Counselling is in the infancy stage in Nepal.Due to many problems related to social issues, it has impacted in mental health so to deal with this issues psychosocial counseling is a major component of that care. Psychosocial Counselling was introduced by Training of Trainee (TOT) to help victims. Nowadays, many organizations are involved in it. Even The School of Psychology (TSOP) is part of it. In 1991, Tra...
Post a Comment
Read more