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Brief Description on "Self Concept "

APSARA KATUWAL  DANGOL Self Concept deals with describing own self and believing own self. Both Eastern and Western cultures have different views regarding Self Concept. According to Baumeister (1999), Self Concept is the individual's belief in himself or herself, including the person's attributes and who and what the self is. Within the development of Self Concept, there are different views and categories. According to Michael Lewis (1990), there are two categories of self-concept. i. The Existential Self: When a child is two to three months, he starts to have an existential self. He feels that he is a separate entity. He starts responding to other objects. ii.The Categorical Self: It is the sense of feeling of being an object to the world. Slowly child starts to connect himself to the world. And development related to internal traits start to develop. Carl Roger (1959) has claimed that self-concept has three component which includes self-image, self-esteem, and
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Behavioral approach in Clinical Psychology

APSARA KATUWAL  DANGOL Behavioral approach is based on the belief that behavior can be learned. It focuses on a scientific and objective method of investigation. It is also concerned with observable Stimulus-Response behaviors. This approach also focuses on learning's role in developing both normal and abnormal behavior. Early theorist Ivan Pavlov discovered classical conditioning (associative learning). He conducted a famous study using dogs. It focused on the effects of a learned response to a stimulus. For example, a dog started salivating when it heard the bell. Here, the sound of the bell would symbolize the message of getting food. Another behaviorist, Edwar L. Thorndike discovered Operant Conditioning and later B.F. Skinner analyzed operant conditioning. It is based on rewards and punishment to shape people's behavior. Edward L. Thorndike discovered Animal Intelligence. He found that punishment didn't weaken S-R connections but inhibited their expression.
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Current Controversies in Clinical Psychology

APSARA KATUWAL  DANGOL This article includes a brief description related to current controversies, challenges, problems and debates going on in the field of Clinical Psychology. Clinical Psychology deals with the treatment of mental illness, abnormal behavior and psychiatric problem, these current controversies create meaning in updating this concerned field. Prescription Privilege Movement The first prescription privilege movement was introduced in Hawaii in 1985, where a psychologist was seeking bill for prescription authority. The only thing that differentiated psychiatrist and psychologist were degree and prescription authority. But now even psychologists are able to prescribe medicines for a patient with 2 years of post doctoral training or clinical psychopharmacology.  Former President of American Psychological Association, Patrick H. DeLeon & Morgan T. Sammons (expert in psychopharmacology) took part in the first experimental pilot program of psychologist prescri
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